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Python Guides & Tutorials
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Python articles
Python Logging: A Practical Setup for Real Projects
A logging setup you can copy into a real project: why logging beats print, how loggers, handlers and levels fit together, one dictConfig that writes readable console output and a rotating log file, logging exceptions with tracebacks, adding request IDs, and keeping secrets out of logs.
Python Memory Management and Garbage Collection
How CPython decides when memory is freed: names and references, reference counting, the garbage collector that cleans up reference cycles, weak references, measuring memory with tracemalloc, trimming objects with __slots__, and the everyday patterns that make programs grow without limit.
Python String Methods Every Developer Should Know
The string methods behind most real text work in Python, grouped by job (cleaning, splitting and joining, searching, comparing, checking) with the traps: strip removing characters rather than a suffix, split() versus split(' '), casefold, and why isdigit accepts characters int() rejects.
Python Type Hints: Writing Cleaner, Safer Code
What Python type hints do and do not do, shown on a small module with three hidden bugs that mypy finds before the code runs: annotating functions and variables, None and union types, generic collections, dataclasses, narrowing, and how to add hints gradually to an existing codebase.
Reading and Writing CSV Files in Python
CSV looks simple until a field contains a comma, a line break or a hidden byte-order mark. Reading and writing real-world CSV with Python's csv module: why splitting on commas fails, DictReader and DictWriter, utf-8-sig, semicolon files, types, large files, and when pandas is better.
Regular Expressions in Python: A Practical Guide
Regular expressions in Python for everyday jobs: extracting IDs from text, validating formats, cleaning and rewriting strings. Raw strings, search, match and fullmatch, named groups, greedy versus lazy, re.sub with a function, verbose patterns, and the pitfalls that make patterns slow or wrong.